See broch on Wiktionary
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "sco", "3": "broch" }, "expansion": "Scots broch", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "non", "3": "borg" }, "expansion": "Old Norse borg", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*burgz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "borough", "3": "burgh" }, "expansion": "Doublet of borough and burgh", "name": "doublet" } ], "etymology_text": "From Scots broch, from Old Norse borg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz. Doublet of borough and burgh.", "forms": [ { "form": "brochs", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "s" }, "expansion": "broch (plural brochs)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 4 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Archaeology", "orig": "en:Archaeology", "parents": [ "Anthropology", "Sciences", "Social sciences", "Zoology", "All topics", "Society", "Biology", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "en", "name": "Scotland", "orig": "en:Scotland", "parents": [ "United Kingdom", "British Isles", "Europe", "Islands", "Earth", "Eurasia", "Places", "Nature", "Names", "All topics", "Proper nouns", "Terms by semantic function", "Fundamental", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "47 1 1 39 2 3 2 2 2", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 4 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "47 1 1 41 2 2 2 2 2", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1933, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Cloud Howe (A Scots Quair), Polygon, published 2006, page 268:", "text": "Finella's carles builded the Kaimes, a long line of battlements under the hills, midway a tower that was older still, a broch from the days of the Pictish men […].", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1972, George Mackay Brown, Greenvoe, Polygon, published 2019, page 20:", "text": "The last man slid the bolt in the single low narrow door. The broch was impregnable then.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1991, Diana Gabaldon, chapter 29, in Outlander, London: Random House:", "text": "Ian's eyes rolled slowly up, as though following the rough stones of the broch upwards. 'That tower rises sixty feet from the ground,' he told me, 'and it's thirty feet in diameter, wi' three floors.'", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "A type of Iron Age stone tower with hollow double-layered walls found on Orkney, Shetland, in the Hebrides and parts of the Scottish mainland." ], "id": "en-broch-en-noun-zOt2JP0M", "links": [ [ "archaeology", "archaeology" ], [ "Iron Age", "Iron Age" ], [ "stone", "stone" ], [ "tower", "tower" ], [ "Orkney", "Orkney" ], [ "Shetland", "Shetland" ], [ "Hebrides", "Hebrides" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(archaeology) A type of Iron Age stone tower with hollow double-layered walls found on Orkney, Shetland, in the Hebrides and parts of the Scottish mainland." ], "topics": [ "archaeology", "history", "human-sciences", "sciences" ], "wikipedia": [ "broch" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈbɹɒx/", "tags": [ "UK" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈbɹɒk/", "tags": [ "UK" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈbɹɑx/", "tags": [ "US" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈbɹɑk/", "tags": [ "US" ] }, { "rhymes": "-ɒx" }, { "rhymes": "-ɒk" } ], "word": "broch" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "non", "3": "borg" }, "expansion": "Old Norse borg", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old Norse borg.", "forms": [ { "form": "brochs", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sco", "10": "", "2": "noun", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "plural", "6": "brochs", "7": "", "8": "", "9": "", "cat2": "", "cat3": "", "head": "" }, "expansion": "broch (plural brochs)", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "broch (plural brochs)", "name": "sco-noun" } ], "lang": "Scots", "lang_code": "sco", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "broch" ], "id": "en-broch-sco-noun-UFE~Oc25", "links": [ [ "broch", "broch#English" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "21 79", "kind": "other", "name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "burgh, town" ], "id": "en-broch-sco-noun-zwM6YY1l", "links": [ [ "burgh", "burgh" ], [ "town", "town" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/brɔx/" } ], "word": "broch" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "es", "2": "sco", "3": "broch" }, "expansion": "Borrowed from Scots broch", "name": "bor+" } ], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Scots broch", "forms": [ { "form": "broches", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m" }, "expansion": "broch m (plural broches)", "name": "es-noun" } ], "lang": "Spanish", "lang_code": "es", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 4 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "47 1 1 39 2 3 2 2 2", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 4 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "47 1 1 41 2 2 2 2 2", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "broch" ], "id": "en-broch-es-noun-UFE~Oc25", "links": [ [ "broch", "broch#English" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine" ] } ], "word": "broch" } { "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cy", "2": "wlm", "3": "broch" }, "expansion": "Middle Welsh broch", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "cy", "2": "cel-bry-pro", "3": "*brox" }, "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *brox", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "cy", "2": "cel-pro", "3": "*brokkos" }, "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *brokkos", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh broch, from Proto-Brythonic *brox, from Proto-Celtic *brokkos.", "forms": [ { "form": "brochod", "tags": [ "plural" ] }, { "form": "brochion", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m", "2": "brochod", "pl2": "brochion" }, "expansion": "broch m (plural brochod or brochion)", "name": "cy-noun" } ], "lang": "Welsh", "lang_code": "cy", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "3 73 16 5 3", "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "cy", "name": "Mustelids", "orig": "cy:Mustelids", "parents": [ "Carnivores", "Mammals", "Vertebrates", "Chordates", "Animals", "Lifeforms", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "derived": [ { "english": "honey badger", "word": "melfroch" } ], "glosses": [ "badger" ], "id": "en-broch-cy-noun-~xtKJ1Yt", "links": [ [ "badger", "badger" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "daearfochyn" }, { "word": "mochyn daear" } ], "tags": [ "masculine" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/broːχ/" }, { "rhymes": "-oːχ" } ], "word": "broch" } { "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_text": "Possibly an extension of etymology 1.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "broch m (uncountable)", "name": "cy-noun" } ], "lang": "Welsh", "lang_code": "cy", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "17 18 34 14 17", "kind": "other", "name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "foam, froth" ], "id": "en-broch-cy-noun-wJk6eQaN", "links": [ [ "foam", "foam" ], [ "froth", "froth" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "ewyn" } ], "tags": [ "masculine", "uncountable" ] }, { "glosses": [ "anger, rage" ], "id": "en-broch-cy-noun-g0JqwkXi", "links": [ [ "anger", "anger" ], [ "rage", "rage" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "dicter" }, { "word": "llid" }, { "word": "cynddaredd" } ], "tags": [ "masculine", "uncountable" ] }, { "glosses": [ "uproar, tumult" ], "id": "en-broch-cy-noun-ucIa8IYx", "links": [ [ "uproar", "uproar" ], [ "tumult", "tumult" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "twrw" }, { "word": "cyffro" } ], "tags": [ "masculine", "uncountable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/broːχ/" }, { "rhymes": "-oːχ" } ], "word": "broch" } { "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_text": "Possibly an extension of etymology 1.", "forms": [ { "form": "broch", "tags": [ "feminine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "broch", "tags": [ "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "mutation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "cy-mut", "source": "mutation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "broch", "source": "mutation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form" ] }, { "form": "froch", "source": "mutation", "tags": [ "soft" ] }, { "form": "mroch", "source": "mutation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "broch (feminine singular broch, plural broch, not comparable)", "name": "cy-adj" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "cy-mut" } ], "lang": "Welsh", "lang_code": "cy", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "raging, fuming, chafing" ], "id": "en-broch-cy-adj-Gn2Bge0s", "links": [ [ "raging", "rage" ], [ "fuming", "fume" ], [ "chafing", "chafe" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "dig" }, { "word": "llidiog" }, { "word": "trystfawr" } ], "tags": [ "not-comparable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/broːχ/" }, { "rhymes": "-oːχ" } ], "word": "broch" }
{ "categories": [ "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "cy:Mustelids" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "sco", "3": "broch" }, "expansion": "Scots broch", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "non", "3": "borg" }, "expansion": "Old Norse borg", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*burgz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "borough", "3": "burgh" }, "expansion": "Doublet of borough and burgh", "name": "doublet" } ], "etymology_text": "From Scots broch, from Old Norse borg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz. Doublet of borough and burgh.", "forms": [ { "form": "brochs", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "s" }, "expansion": "broch (plural brochs)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English doublets", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from Scots", "English terms derived from Old Norse", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Scots", "English terms with quotations", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/ɒk", "Rhymes:English/ɒk/1 syllable", "Rhymes:English/ɒx", "Rhymes:English/ɒx/1 syllable", "en:Archaeology", "en:Scotland" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1933, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Cloud Howe (A Scots Quair), Polygon, published 2006, page 268:", "text": "Finella's carles builded the Kaimes, a long line of battlements under the hills, midway a tower that was older still, a broch from the days of the Pictish men […].", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1972, George Mackay Brown, Greenvoe, Polygon, published 2019, page 20:", "text": "The last man slid the bolt in the single low narrow door. The broch was impregnable then.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1991, Diana Gabaldon, chapter 29, in Outlander, London: Random House:", "text": "Ian's eyes rolled slowly up, as though following the rough stones of the broch upwards. 'That tower rises sixty feet from the ground,' he told me, 'and it's thirty feet in diameter, wi' three floors.'", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "A type of Iron Age stone tower with hollow double-layered walls found on Orkney, Shetland, in the Hebrides and parts of the Scottish mainland." ], "links": [ [ "archaeology", "archaeology" ], [ "Iron Age", "Iron Age" ], [ "stone", "stone" ], [ "tower", "tower" ], [ "Orkney", "Orkney" ], [ "Shetland", "Shetland" ], [ "Hebrides", "Hebrides" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(archaeology) A type of Iron Age stone tower with hollow double-layered walls found on Orkney, Shetland, in the Hebrides and parts of the Scottish mainland." ], "topics": [ "archaeology", "history", "human-sciences", "sciences" ], "wikipedia": [ "broch" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈbɹɒx/", "tags": [ "UK" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈbɹɒk/", "tags": [ "UK" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈbɹɑx/", "tags": [ "US" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈbɹɑk/", "tags": [ "US" ] }, { "rhymes": "-ɒx" }, { "rhymes": "-ɒk" } ], "word": "broch" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Scots entries with incorrect language header", "Scots lemmas", "Scots nouns", "Scots terms derived from Old Norse", "cy:Mustelids" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "non", "3": "borg" }, "expansion": "Old Norse borg", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old Norse borg.", "forms": [ { "form": "brochs", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sco", "10": "", "2": "noun", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "plural", "6": "brochs", "7": "", "8": "", "9": "", "cat2": "", "cat3": "", "head": "" }, "expansion": "broch (plural brochs)", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "broch (plural brochs)", "name": "sco-noun" } ], "lang": "Scots", "lang_code": "sco", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "broch" ], "links": [ [ "broch", "broch#English" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "burgh, town" ], "links": [ [ "burgh", "burgh" ], [ "town", "town" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/brɔx/" } ], "word": "broch" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "cy:Mustelids" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "es", "2": "sco", "3": "broch" }, "expansion": "Borrowed from Scots broch", "name": "bor+" } ], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Scots broch", "forms": [ { "form": "broches", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m" }, "expansion": "broch m (plural broches)", "name": "es-noun" } ], "lang": "Spanish", "lang_code": "es", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Spanish countable nouns", "Spanish entries with incorrect language header", "Spanish lemmas", "Spanish masculine nouns", "Spanish nouns", "Spanish terms borrowed from Scots", "Spanish terms derived from Scots" ], "glosses": [ "broch" ], "links": [ [ "broch", "broch#English" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine" ] } ], "word": "broch" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:Welsh/oːχ", "Rhymes:Welsh/oːχ/1 syllable", "Welsh adjectives", "Welsh countable nouns", "Welsh entries with incorrect language header", "Welsh lemmas", "Welsh masculine nouns", "Welsh nouns", "Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh", "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic", "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic", "Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh", "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic", "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic", "Welsh uncomparable adjectives", "Welsh uncountable nouns", "cy:Mustelids" ], "derived": [ { "english": "honey badger", "word": "melfroch" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cy", "2": "wlm", "3": "broch" }, "expansion": "Middle Welsh broch", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "cy", "2": "cel-bry-pro", "3": "*brox" }, "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *brox", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "cy", "2": "cel-pro", "3": "*brokkos" }, "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *brokkos", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh broch, from Proto-Brythonic *brox, from Proto-Celtic *brokkos.", "forms": [ { "form": "brochod", "tags": [ "plural" ] }, { "form": "brochion", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m", "2": "brochod", "pl2": "brochion" }, "expansion": "broch m (plural brochod or brochion)", "name": "cy-noun" } ], "lang": "Welsh", "lang_code": "cy", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "badger" ], "links": [ [ "badger", "badger" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/broːχ/" }, { "rhymes": "-oːχ" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "daearfochyn" }, { "word": "mochyn daear" } ], "word": "broch" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:Welsh/oːχ", "Rhymes:Welsh/oːχ/1 syllable", "Welsh adjectives", "Welsh entries with incorrect language header", "Welsh lemmas", "Welsh masculine nouns", "Welsh nouns", "Welsh uncomparable adjectives", "Welsh uncountable nouns", "cy:Mustelids" ], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_text": "Possibly an extension of etymology 1.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "broch m (uncountable)", "name": "cy-noun" } ], "lang": "Welsh", "lang_code": "cy", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "foam, froth" ], "links": [ [ "foam", "foam" ], [ "froth", "froth" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "ewyn" } ], "tags": [ "masculine", "uncountable" ] }, { "glosses": [ "anger, rage" ], "links": [ [ "anger", "anger" ], [ "rage", "rage" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "dicter" }, { "word": "llid" }, { "word": "cynddaredd" } ], "tags": [ "masculine", "uncountable" ] }, { "glosses": [ "uproar, tumult" ], "links": [ [ "uproar", "uproar" ], [ "tumult", "tumult" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "twrw" }, { "word": "cyffro" } ], "tags": [ "masculine", "uncountable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/broːχ/" }, { "rhymes": "-oːχ" } ], "word": "broch" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:Welsh/oːχ", "Rhymes:Welsh/oːχ/1 syllable", "Welsh adjectives", "Welsh entries with incorrect language header", "Welsh lemmas", "Welsh masculine nouns", "Welsh nouns", "Welsh uncomparable adjectives", "Welsh uncountable nouns", "cy:Mustelids" ], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_text": "Possibly an extension of etymology 1.", "forms": [ { "form": "broch", "tags": [ "feminine", "singular" ] }, { "form": "broch", "tags": [ "plural" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "mutation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "cy-mut", "source": "mutation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "broch", "source": "mutation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form" ] }, { "form": "froch", "source": "mutation", "tags": [ "soft" ] }, { "form": "mroch", "source": "mutation", "tags": [ "error-unrecognized-form" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "broch (feminine singular broch, plural broch, not comparable)", "name": "cy-adj" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "cy-mut" } ], "lang": "Welsh", "lang_code": "cy", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "raging, fuming, chafing" ], "links": [ [ "raging", "rage" ], [ "fuming", "fume" ], [ "chafing", "chafe" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "dig" }, { "word": "llidiog" }, { "word": "trystfawr" } ], "tags": [ "not-comparable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/broːχ/" }, { "rhymes": "-oːχ" } ], "word": "broch" }
Download raw JSONL data for broch meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)
{ "called_from": "parser/1336", "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </small>", "path": [ "broch" ], "section": "Welsh", "subsection": "adjective", "title": "broch", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/865", "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: broch/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()", "path": [ "broch" ], "section": "Welsh", "subsection": "adjective", "title": "broch", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/865", "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: broch/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}", "path": [ "broch" ], "section": "Welsh", "subsection": "adjective", "title": "broch", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "inflection/865", "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: broch/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}", "path": [ "broch" ], "section": "Welsh", "subsection": "adjective", "title": "broch", "trace": "" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.